Today, we celebrate with great joy, the Solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God.
During the 400's Bishop Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople, began preaching Mary was only the mother of Jesus, a human person, not God. This heresy confused Christians, and so, some began to think Jesus isn't God.
But to refute this heresy, the Pope called a Council. A council is different from a synod, which only has few bishops of the world who meet to discuss topics. Whereas a Church Council is a meeting of all the bishops of the world with the pope, and has the authority of making infallible statements, but a synod doesn't.
The Church Council gathered in Ephesus, in modern day Turkey in 431AD. After discussing the heresy and how to deal it, the Council proclaimed, “…we confess the Holy Virgin to be the Mother of God because God the Word took flesh and became man and from His very conception united to Himself the temple He took from her.”
The council fathers also added, “Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death, Amen.” Due to their infallible proclamation, the council refuted the heretic Nestorius and affirmed that Jesus is God, a divine Person, so Mary truly is the Mother of God. When the people heard the affirmation of the Virgin Mary as the Mother of God, the enthusiastic crowds surged through the streets crying out, “Holy Mary, Mother of God!”
Many centuries later, this prayer, Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death, Amen.” would be added to the Hail Mary, when praying the Rosary.
The first part of Hail Mary is found in Sacred Scripture. The angel Gabriel came to Mary “Hail Full of Grace, the Lord is with thee…” (Luke 1:26). When Mary visited Her cousin Elizabeth, Elizabeth proclaimed, “Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb” (Luke 1:42).
From the beginning of Christianity, after Mary was assumed into heaven, Christians would have known and perhaps prayed “Hail Full of Grace, the Lord is with thee…” “Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb.” This was how the Hail Mary was prayed for centuries even during the time of St. Dominic when Mary appeared, giving the mysteries of the Rosary, only these words were prayed. However, in the 1200's the names of Jesus and Mary were added to the Hail Mary.
In 1555, St. Peter Cansius added "Holy Mary Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death." to his Catechism. Then 11 years later, the Council of Trent Catechism added these words to the Rosary. The Council of Trent Catechism came at a time of the Protestant rebellion. This would result in the Rosary playing an important part in overcoming the heresies of that time.
The "Glory Be" was added to the Rosary in the late 1600's by St. Louis de Montfort.
In 1917, Our Lady of Fatima said to the children, “I want you to continue saying the Rosary every day. And after each one of the mysteries, my children, I want you to pray in this way: O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fire of hell. Lead all souls to heaven, especially those who are most in need of thy mercy.” Since 1917, the "Oh my Jesus prayer" was added to the Rosary.
When we pray the Hail Mary, it reminds us we have a Mother, who prays for us, now and will pray for us at the hour of our death. It reminds us to pray for sinners, so that they will be saved from the fires of hell.
The Virgin Mary is not any mother, She is the Mother of God. In times of difficulty, let us frequently pray the Hail Mary trusting when we do, the Virgin Mary will be praying for us, interceding for us and as our spiritual mother console us during our difficult moments, and keep us close to Jesus, Her Son, who is God.
Just as St. John the Apostle, took Jesus' Mother at the foot of the Cross and then took Her into his home, so we, as Christians, should take Mary, our spiritual Mother into our home. The Mother of Jesus is our mother. Jesus wants us to love and honor Her. He wants the truth about His Mother to be known, so that the truth about Jesus Himself is known.
For if Mary is the Mother of God, then Jesus is God and Mary is His Mother and that makes all of us children of Mary, our spiritual Mother.